Service Ecosystem

Preclinical Studies

According to GLP guiidelines, toxicokinetic analyses are carried out on the most appropriate animal models.

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in vitro toxicology

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genetic toxicology

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carcinogenicity

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cardiac safety

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PK/PD & Metabolism

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general toxicology

Cardiac safety

Impact on hERG potassium channel activity by patch-clamp technique.
Measure of ECG, primary (heart rate, blood pressure) and advanced (including stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and regional blood flows) hemodynamic parameters on anaesthetized dog, monkeys and rodents;
Effect on cardiovascular function in conscious dog, minipig and monkey using telemetry combined with assessment of effect on the autonomic nervous system (HFAM model) and modelization of hemodynamic effect (stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance).
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General Toxicology in Cynomolgus monkey

Dose range finding study and repeated dose toxicity (up to 52 weeks). Administration routes: oral gavage, intravenous by bolus or continuous infusion (up to 4 weeks), subcutaneous, ocular and intramuscular.
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General Toxicology in dogs

Dose range finding study and repeated dose toxicity (up to 52 weeks). Administration routes: oral gavage, capsules, diet, intravenous by bolus or continuous infusion (up to 13 weeks), subcutaneous, dermal, ocular, intramuscular, intranasal and intraperitoneal (at an appropriate dose regimen).
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General Toxicology in marmosets

Dose range finding study and repeated dose toxicity (up to 39 weeks). Administration routes: oral gavage, intravenous by bolus or continuous infusion (up to 8 weeks), subcutaneous, ocular and intramuscular.
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General Toxicology in mice

Single dose and dose range finding and repeated dose toxicity (up to 52 weeks). Administration routes: oral, intravenous (up to 4 weeks), subcutaneous, intramuscular (up to 4  weeks) and intraperitoneal (at an appropriate dose regimen).
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General Toxicology in minipigs

Dose range finding study and repeated dose toxicity (up to 39 weeks). Administration routes: oral gavage, capsules, intravenous, subcutaneous, dermal, ocular, intramuscular, intradermal and intra-articular (at an appropriate dose regimen).
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General Toxicology in rabbits

Single dose and dose range finding and repeated dose toxicity (up to13 weeks). Administration routes: oral gavage, dermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular (up to 4 weeks), intra-articular, ocular and intravitreal (at an appropriate dose regimen).
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General Toxicology in rats

Single dose and dose range finding and repeated dose toxicity (up to 52 weeks). Administration routes: oral gavage, diet, dermal, intravenous by bolus or continuous infusion (up to 13 weeks), subcutaneous, intramuscular (up to 4 weeks), intranasal, intratracheal, intraperitoneal (at an appropriate dose regimen), intradermal and intravesical.
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Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Determinations In Tissues

Cytochrome p450, Glutathion S-transferase, γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase, Cytochrome oxidase, Adenosine triphosphatase, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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In vitro cancer screen

Mitochondrial Reductase Activity (MTT Staining) and Sulforhodamine B Uptake in several cancer cell lines.
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In vitro metabolism

(i) Evaluation of metabolism using liver metabolic fractions (S9, microsomes); evaluation of metabolism using hepatocytes; (ii) CYP induction in human hepatocytes and liver microsomes.
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Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies

(i) Carcinogenicity study in rat or mouse following oral or subcutaneous administration (toxicokinetic can be included); (ii) Combined chronic toxicity-carcinogenicity study in rat following oral or subcutaneous administration (toxicokinetic can be included).
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Mammalian Tests in vitro

(i) Gene mutation in Chinese hamster V79 cells (HPRT); (ii) Mutation in L5178Y TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells (fluctuation method); (iii) in vitro chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster cells (V79 CHO) and human lymphocytes; (iv) in vitro micronucleus test on human lymphocytes or Chinese hamster cells (V79 CHO).
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Mammalian Tests in vivo

(i) in vivo micronucleus test (single dose or multiple dose) in mouse and rat; (ii) in vivo chromosomal aberration test (single dose or multiple dose) in  rat; (iii) unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in primary rat hepatocytes after in vivo treatment; (iv) in vivo comet assay in rat; (v) combined comet assay and micronucleus test after repeated dosing in rat
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Pharmacokinetic – Bioavailability

Analysis of several biological samples (plasma, urine, tissues, etc.) in different species (rat, mouse, rabbit, dog, minipig, marmoset) following drug administrations with all routes (intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, oral).
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Preliminary studies

(i) Palatability StudyIn rat and mouse following oral administration; (ii) Preliminary 4- and 13-week toxicity study in rat ore mouse following oral or subcutaneous administration.
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Skin corrosion & irritation

Membrane barrier test method for skin corrosion (Corrositex®);
Human skin model test (Episkin™) Process Research & Development;
Human skin model test (Episkin™).
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